WHI.14b - Crusades

The student will apply social science skills to understand the social, economic, and political changes and cultural achievements in the high and late medieval periods by

b) explaining conflicts across Europe and Asia, including the Crusades and the fall of Constantinople;

The Crusades were carried out by Christian political and religious leaders to take control of the Holy Land from the Muslims.

Ottoman Turks conquered the Byzantine Empire.

Key events of the Crusades

 Pope Urban’s speech

 The capture of Jerusalem

 Founding of Crusader states

 Loss of Jerusalem to Saladin

 Sack of Constantinople by western Crusaders

Effects of the Crusades

 Strengthened monarchs, who gained new powers of taxation in conjunction with the Crusades

 Caused disillusionment with popes and nobles, who began to launch and fight crusades against fellow Christians

 Stimulated trade throughout the Mediterranean area and the Middle East

 Left a legacy of bitterness among Christians, Jews, and Muslims

 Weakened the Byzantine Empire

Constantinople

 Fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire

 Became capital of the Ottoman Empire

Terms

Magna Carta (12a)

Medieval (12a)

Norman Conquest (12a)

Hundred Years War (12a)

Common law (12a)

Parliament (12a)

Evolution (12a)

Tsar (12a)

Moors (12a)

Crusades (12b)

Crusader states (12b)

Black Death (12c)

Bubonic Plague (12c)

Scarcity (12c)

People

Ottomans (12a)

William the Conqueror (12a)

Henry II (12a)

King John (12a)

Hugh Capet (12a)

Joan of Arc (12a)

Ferdinand & Isabella (12a)

Charles V (12a)

Ivan the Great (12a)

Pope Urban (12b)

Saladin (12b)

Mongols (12b)

Places

England (12a)

France (12a)

Russia (12a)

Moscow (12a)

Holy Land (12b)